When many domains in a metal point the same way, their spins combine into one large magnetic arrow. This arrow behaves as if it has two ends. The end where the magnetic direction seems to emerge is called the north pole, and the end where the direction seems to return is the south pole. The poles do not exist because something particular is added to the metal; they exist because the internal order naturally creates two opposite ends of a magnetic flow.

You can make this magnetic flow visible by placing iron filings on a sheet of paper and holding a magnet underneath. The filings arrange themselves along curved patterns called field lines. These lines show how the magnetic influence travels from the north pole to the south pole. They are direct evidence of the invisible structure created by the spins inside the magnet.

Like poles repel because their magnetic fields push against each other in opposite ways. Opposite poles attract because their field directions align smoothly, forming a continuous path. Magnetism therefore isn't just a force; it is a pattern of motion and direction that begins with electrons and extends far beyond the surface of the material.